The addition of water or cyanide to a carbonyl group (taking things a little further)

Like the irreversible nucleophilic addition reactions, the addition process can be described by the interaction of molecular orbitals, specifically the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the nucleophile and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the electrophile, which will always be the π* antibonding orbital. This is shown for water (this will be the same for an alcohol) and cyanide anion.

orbital view of the addition of water or cyanide

The frontier orbital interactions for the addition of water and cyanide to a carbonyl bond.